Add the orange juice, raisins, and zest to a small bowl. Microwave for 30 to 40 seconds and stir. Set aside to soak while you make the dough. 140 g raisins, 60 g orange juice, 1 Tbsp orange zest
Pour the lukewarm milk into the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with a dough hook. Stir in the yeast and one tablespoon of the sugar. If using active dried yeast, leave it to sit for 5-10 minutes until foamy. If it doesn't foam, the yeast is dead and you'll need a fresh packet. If using instant yeast, you can skip the wait, but if you're unsure how fresh your yeast is, let it sit for a few minutes anyway just to confirm it's active. 120 g whole milk, 2 teaspoons instant yeast, 70 g granulated sugar
Add the flour, remaining sugar, spices, vanilla, salt, and eggs to the milk mixture. Fit the stand mixer with a dough hook and mix on low speed until a thick, shaggy dough forms. 530 g all-purpose flour, 3 large eggs, 1 ½ teaspoon salt, 1 tsp vanilla extract, 1 ½ teaspoon ground cinnamon, ½ teaspoon ground ginger, ¼ teaspoon ground nutmeg, ⅛ teaspoon ground cloves
Add the cubed butter a few pieces at a time with the mixer running on medium speed. Don't add the next piece until the previous one has disappeared into the dough. Once all the butter is in, continue mixing on medium for a total of at least 15-20 minutes from when you started adding the butter. The dough will go through a sticky, rough-looking phase before it smooths out and starts pulling cleanly away from the sides of the bowl. To test if it's ready, let the dough rest a few minutes then pull off a small piece and stretch it gently between your fingers. If you can stretch it thin enough to almost see light through without it tearing instantly, the gluten is properly developed. This is called the windowpane test. 170 g unsalted butter
Add the soaked raisins and all the orange juice. The dough will get sticky again but will mix in easily because the gluten is already developed. Mix on low-medium speed for a couple of minutes only until the juice is fully incorporated and the fruit is evenly distributed, then stop.
Pull the dough onto a lightly floured surface and form it into a ball, tucking the dough under itself a few times to capture any stray raisins. Place the dough ball into a large greased bowl, cover with a lid or plastic wrap, and let it rise in a warm spot for 1½-2 hours until doubled in size.
Punch down the dough and refrigerate for 8 to 12 hours for the best flavor. Alternatively, place the dough in the fridge for just 20-30 minutes to chill the butter slightly and then go straight to shaping.